Present perfect experiences
Present perfect: life experiences
Use the present perfect to talk about experiences without giving a finished past time.
B1 — Intermediate
Use grammar more independently in everyday and academic contexts.
Present perfect and past simple
Present perfect or past simple?
Distinguish experiences and unfinished periods from completed past events.
For, since, already and yet
Time expressions with the present perfect
Use for, since, already and yet accurately with the present perfect.
First conditional
Real future possibilities
Use the first conditional for realistic future situations.
Zero conditional
Facts and general results
Use the zero conditional for facts, rules and general truths.
Obligation and advice
Must, have to and should
Express obligation, necessity and advice with modal forms.
Defining relative clauses
Who, which and that
Connect information using defining relative clauses.
Present and past passive
The passive voice
Use present and past passive forms when the action is more important than the person performing it.
Gerunds and infinitives
Verb patterns with -ing and to
Use common verb patterns followed by gerunds or infinitives.
Reported speech
Reporting what people said
Report statements using common changes in tense and pronouns.