Past perfect
Past perfect: an earlier past action
Describe an action completed before another past event.
B2 — Upper intermediate
Express ideas accurately using a wider range of structures.
Past perfect and past simple
Sequencing past events
Distinguish the earlier action from the later past event.
Second conditional
Hypothetical present and future situations
Describe unlikely or imaginary situations.
Third conditional
Imagining a different past
Express unreal past situations and their consequences.
Wish and if only
Expressing regrets and unreal wishes
Express present dissatisfaction and past regret.
Present modal deduction
Must, might and can't for deduction
Express certainty, possibility and impossibility.
Past modal deduction
Must have, might have and can't have
Make deductions about completed past events.
Reported questions and commands
Reporting questions, requests and instructions
Report questions and commands using indirect structures.
Future continuous and future perfect
Actions in progress and completed in the future
Distinguish future progress from future completion.
Participle clauses
Reducing clauses with participles
Use participle clauses to express information concisely.